Category Archives: Italy

Is it Trump or the EU that is swapping big ideas for bad ideas?

Philip Stevens writes in the FT about“How the world swapped a big idea for a bad idea”. The big idea was “the revolutionary thought that the selfish interests of rich and rising states could be accommodated if everyone played by … Continue reading

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America and the world: Part I.

The key words in this cluster of books, focusing on the US, are emerging , retreat, closing and anger. Pankaj Mishra, in Age of Anger: A History of the Present, says that the paranoid hatreds of the present world have … Continue reading

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Berlin Rules: Why, What, How, and is that so?

The three books under review deal with Europe, but their focus is Germany. Paul Lever, former British ambassador to Germany, is the author of Europe and the Germany Way: Berlin Rules, I.B.Taurus, 2017. Yanis Varoufakis, former Greek Finance Minister, authors Adults … Continue reading

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Brexit: A Certain Idea of Europe.

The result of the June 23, 2016 referendum as to whether the United Kingdom(UK) should remain in or leave the EU seems final enough. On a 72% voter turnout, 52% voted for Leave and 48% for Remain.  Yet the vote … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union. Final Chapter: Part I. The true challenge facing the Merkel-Macron tandem.

Realpolitik- politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives-is flourishing in Europe. In fact, it never disappeared, but became absorbed within Europe’s society of states, dispersed and played out  across and within the many international … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union. Chapter 9. More Europe, less UK.

More Model Deutschland for Europe. What concerned Kohl most was the crisis in western Europe, related to the Euro-the kernel of his strategic deal with Mitterrand at Maastricht. German policy under Merkel had become a version of the famous quotation … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union. Chapter 8. Germany learns to say Nein.

Germany learns to say Nein. The salient feature of the events of the first decade of the new millenium was Germany’s assertion of  its position as the pivotal power in Europe. The novelty lies not in the fact of German … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union: Chapter 7. Maastricht’s Unfinished Business.

Maastricht’s unfinished business. The Maastricht Treaty marked the point when the project began to become German, rather than French, Maastricht was essentially a French strategy to corale Germany, to bind it into a European home. Germany played along for a … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union. Chapter Six. Germany between Province and Primacy.

Germany between province and primacy. Germany entered the Euro on an overvalued exchange rate; with a sclerotic labour market, high unemployment, a loss of international competitiveness, and burdened by heavy costs related to German unification. Between 1990 and 2003, the … Continue reading

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Realpolitik and the European Union. Chapter 5: France’s voyage from state to market

France’s voyage from state to market. As with Germany, the years prior to 1945 cast a long shadow over post-war France. The defeat of 1940 was blamed by both Vichy and the Resistance on the failings of a liberal economy. … Continue reading

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